Table 2 Variables Description
From: A study of environmental disclosures practices in Chinese energy industry
Variable/s | Name | Description | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|
EDI | Environmental Disclosure Index | Total number of items appearing in the annual report/Maximum number of items which should appear in annual reports | Ragini (2012) |
ROA | Return on Assets | Net income/total assets | Feng et al. (2018); Li et al. (2010); Norhasimah (2016); Zhang et al. (2014) |
SIZE | Company Size | The natural log of total asset | Baalouch et al. (2019); Brammer and Pavelin (2008); Chaklader and Gulati (2015); Clarkson et al. (2011); Cormier and Magnan (2007); Magness 2006; Suttipun and Stanton (2012); Wu et al. (2010); Yang and Zhang (2014); Zeng et al. (2012) |
LEV | Leverage | Debt to assets ratio | |
MNC | Multinational Characteristics | Dummy for multinational characteristics: 1 refers to company that is multinational, 0 if the company is not. | Brennan and Merkl-Davies (2014); Hahn and Kühnen (2013); Ledoux et al. (2014); Meng et al. (2013); |
CERT | Environmental Certificate | Dummy for certification: 1 refers to a company who has environmental certification (e.g., Ecolabel, ISO 14000 and others), 0 otherwise. | Chaklader and Gulati (2015); Mitchell and Hill (2009); Sumiani et al. (2007) |
TIME | Time | Dummy for time: 0 refers to the company’s performance for the period 2016; 1 refers to the company’s performance for the period 2017. |  |